A swamp called reality
Patriotism and counter-culture in Polish hip-hop
Deutsche Fassung
Abstract
The hip-hop musical style, which developed in the ghettos of the major cities in the USA, was originally an expression of protest by the Afro-American youth against discrimination and marginalisation. Its general thrust was critical and emancipatory. In Poland, however, the hip-hop scene has not used counter-cultural codes and practices to spread emancipatory ideas. Instead they are used to disseminate authoritarian attitudes and nationalist-Catholic values. This combination of nationalism and counter-culture is not just a Polish phenomenon, it is a characteristic of the identity-defining scene in different countries.
(Osteuropa 5/2019, pp. 141–155)